Melting

Difference Between Weld Metal and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)
Joining

Joining

Welding is one of the manufacturing processes where two or more materials can be joined permanently through coalescence formation with or without the application of external heat, pressure, or filler metal. Welding processes can be broadly classified as fusion welding and solid state welding. In fusion welding processes, significant amount of heat (thermal energy) is applied from external source in order to fuse (melt) the faying surfaces of the components

Difference Between SMAW and FCAW - Shielded Metal Arc Welding and Flux-Cored Arc Welding
Joining

Joining

A sub-group of fusion welding where electric arc is used to supply necessary heat for melting the faying surfaces of the base metals is termed as arc welding. Here the electric arc is established between an electrode and the base metals when sufficient potential difference is applied across them. For few arc welding processes, the electrode is allowed to melt and subsequently deposit on the weld bead to supply filler

Difference Between GMAW and FCAW - Gas Metal Arc Welding and Flux-Cored Arc Welding
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is a sub-group of fusion welding where an electric arc is used to supply heat for fusing the parent metals for coalescence formation. The electric arc is constituted between an electrode and the base metals. The arc welding electrode can be either consumable or non-consumable. A consumable electrode is meant for melting by the arc heat, and subsequently depositing on the weld bead to supply filler metal. Such

Difference Between TIG and SAW - Tungsten Inert Gas welding and Submerged Arc Welding
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is a subset of fusion welding process where the heat is supplied from an electric arc for melting the faying surfaces of the base metals for coalescence formation. This arc is established between an electrode and the base metals under sufficient potential difference. This arc welding electrode can be of two types – consumable and non-consumable. A consumable electrode is allowed to melt due to arc heat, and

Difference Between SMAW and SAW - Shielded Metal Arc Welding and Submerged Arc Welding
Joining

Joining

Arc welding processes are a subgroup of fusion welding as an electric arc established between an electrode and base plates is used to supply heat for melting the faying surfaces for coalescence formation during welding. The electrode is sometimes consumable, while it is non-consumable in other few arc welding processes. Apart from assisting in arc formation, a consumable electrode melts owing to arc heating, and subsequently deposits on the weld

Difference Between GMAW and SAW - Gas Metal Arc Welding & Submerged Arc Welding
Joining

Joining

Welding is one of the manufacturing processes where two or more materials having similar or different compositions can be joined permanently with or without the external application of heat, pressure, and filler metal. In all such welding processes, where heat is applied from external source for melting the faying surfaces of the parent components, are termed as fusion welding. Arc welding processes are basically a sub-group of fusion welding processes

Difference Between Carbon Electrode and Tungsten Electrode for Arc Welding
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is one class of fusion welding where the faying surfaces of the base metals are melted by supplying heat through an electric arc. The arc is constituted between an electrode and the base metals. Arc welding electrodes can be broadly classified as consumable and non-consumable. While few arc welding processes utilize consumable electrode, others employ non-consumable electrode. Consumable electrodes are meant for melting during the welding to supply

Difference Between CAW and TIG - Carbon Arc Welding and Tungsten Inert Gas Welding
Joining

Joining

In arc welding processes, the heat (thermal energy) required for melting the faying surfaces of the parent components are supplied by an electric arc. This arc is established between an electrode and the metallic components – both connected to a power source. The arc welding electrode can be either consumable or non-consumable. A consumable electrode melts down during welding due to the arc heating, and the molten metal subsequently deposits

Difference Between USM and EDM - Ultrasonic Machining & Electric Discharge Machining
NTM

NTM

Machining is one type of subtractive manufacturing processes where excess material is removed from the workpiece to produce intended feature. Conventional machining processes (such as turning, threading, facing, milling, shaping, drilling, hobbing, etc.) employ a wedge-shaped cutting tool to shear off the workpiece material in the form of chips. Such processes always utilize mechanical energy in order to remove material by shearing. Several non-conventional machining processes have also emerged over

Difference Between PAM and IBM - Plasma Arc Machining and Ion Beam Machining
NTM

NTM

Different forms of energy (such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, electro-chemical, light, etc.) are directly utilized in advanced machining processes to realize material removal from the workpiece for fabricating intended 3-D feature following the subtractive manufacturing approach. Plasma Arc Machining (PAM) is one such advanced machining process where thermal energy (heat) is primarily used to melt down and vaporize material from the workpiece. A high temperature jet of thermal plasma

Difference Between LBM and PAM - Laser Beam Machining and Plasma Arc Machining
NTM

NTM

Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes can directly employ various forms of energy for removing material from workpiece in order to fabricate the intended 3-D feature. EDM, LBM, EBM, and PAM are four common NTM processes that use thermal energy (heat) to selectively remove material. In these processes, material removal mostly takes place in vaporized and sometimes in molten state. The source of heat is, however, different for these four processes. Laser

Difference between EBM and IBM
NTM

NTM

Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes can directly utilize different forms of energy (like mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, light, etc.) to selectively remove material from the workpiece in order to fabricate intended 3-D feature. These processes eliminate the barrier imposed by mechanical strength and hardness of the workpiece for processing by a conventional metal cutting process. Several NTM processes have emerged over the last few decades, which include AJM, USM, CHM, ECM,

Difference between LBM and IBM
NTM

NTM

Several advanced machining processes have been developed over the last few decades to cater the evergrowing demand of high quality small-scale products made of a wide variety materials with highly finished surfaces and close tolerance. Laser beam machining and ion beam machining are two such processes that follow subtractive manufacturing approach to fabricate intended features with improved accuracy and tight tolerance. However, their working principle and extent of capability are

Difference between forehand welding and backhand welding
Joining

Joining

In gas welding, a flame supplies necessary heat for fusing the base metals. Similarly, in arc welding, an electric arc supplies necessary heat. While joining two components by either gas welding or arc welding, the flame or arc can be moved towards the direction of weld progression or opposite to the direction of weld progression. Based on the relative position of the weld bead (puddle) and flame/arc, welding technique can

Difference between reducing flame and oxidizing flame
Joining

Joining

Oxy-fuel gas welding is one fusion welding process where components are permanently joined together. Here heat is supplied by burning a suitable gaseous carbonaceous fuel with oxygen. Potential fuel oxy-fuel gas welding incudes acetylene, propylene, propane, MAPP (methylacetylene-propadiene propane) gas, and natural gas; however, acetylene (C2H2) is frequently used as it offers maximum flame temperature. Both the fuel and oxygen are stored separately in cylinders, and these are mixed in

Difference between arc welding and gas welding
Joining

Joining

Welding is one joining process where two or more components can be joined permanently with or without the application of heat, pressure, and filler metal. All welding processes can be broadly divided into two categories – fusion welding and solid-state welding. In fusion welding, heat must be applied to melt down the connecting surfaces of the parent component for coalescence or weld bead formation. In solid-state welding, no such melting

Difference between consumable electrode and non-consumable electrode
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is one type of fusion welding process where an electric arc is used to supply heat for melting the faying surfaces of the parent metal and also the filler metal. There are several arc welding processes namely Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), Electroslag Welding (ESW), Carbon Arc Welding (CAW),

Difference between GMAW and GTAW
Joining

Joining

In every arc welding process, an electric arc that is established between the conductive base plates and the electrode is used as the heat source to fuse the faying surfaces of the base metal in order to form the coalescence. There are several arc welding processes, namely SMAW, GTAW, GMAW, FCAW, SAW, etc. Each of these processes offer several advantages over the others. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is one

Difference between SMAW and GMAW
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is one type of fusion welding process where an electric arc is used to supply heat for fusing the faying surfaces of the base materials that are to be joined. In order to weld wide variety of materials in different fashions, there exist several arc welding processes, namely, shielded metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, submerged arc welding, flux cored arc welding, submerged

Difference between DCEN and DCEP polarities in arc welding
Joining

Joining

Arc welding is one type of fusion welding process where an electric arc is used to supply necessary heat for fusing the faying surfaces of the base metals and also the filler metal. In every arc welding process, the conductive base plates are connected with one terminal of the power source, while the electrode is connected with other terminal. A small gap (1 – 3mm) is always maintained between the

Difference between TIG welding and Activated-TIG welding
Joining

Joining

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), popularly known as Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, is one fusion welding process where an arc is established between the non-consumable tungsten electrode and the base plates. It is mostly suitable for autogenous mode; however, filler metal can also be applied by feeding separate filler rod into the welding zone. An inert shielding gas (argon or helium) is also supplied to shield the hot weld

Difference between MIG and MAG welding
Joining

Joining

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is one fusion welding process where an electric arc is constituted between a consumable electrode and the base metals. This arc supplies necessary heat to melt down the faying surfaces of the base plate to form the coalescence. The GMAW electrode comes in the form of a small diameter wire having very long length that is wound in a wire-pool. During welding, this wire electrode

Difference between MIG and TIG welding
Joining

Joining

In every arc welding process, an electric arc is constituted between the electrode and the conductive base metals. This arc supplies necessary heat to fuse the faying surfaces of the base plates. There are several arc welding processes, namely, manual metal arc welding, gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, flux core arc welding, submerged arc welding, etc. Each process has unique characteristics and offers several benefits compared to

Difference between fusion welding and solid state welding
Joining

Joining

Welding is one type of manufacturing process by which two or more similar or dissimilar materials can be joined permanently by weld bead formation with or without the application of external pressure, heat or filler material. There exist different types of welding processes, each of them follows unique procedure to weld two or more components. Welding processes can be broadly classified as arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, solid state

Difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous welding
Joining

Joining

Welding is one of the manufacturing processes by which two or more similar or dissimilar materials can be joined permanently by coalescence formation with or without the application of external pressure, heat or filler material. When external heat is applied to fuse faying surfaces it is termed as fusion welding; otherwise it is called as solid state welding. During fusion welding, filler material can be applied externally to fill the

Difference between weld joint and rivet joint
Joining

Joining

Joining is a part and parcel in manufacturing as it is used to assemble two or more solid components either permanently or temporarily. Although a permanent joint does not allow disassembly of parts without rupturing them, it has immense demand in assembly as it can provide a strong, leak-proof and inherently anti-loose joint. Welded joint and riveted joint are two commonly used permanent joining processes; however, now-a-days riveted joints are

Difference Between EBM and ECM
NTM

NTM

Non-traditional machining processes can directly utilize various forms of energy to remove material from in workpiece. For example, AJM, USM, WJM and AWJM processes are based on mechanical energy; CHM is based on chemical energy; ECM is based on electrochemical energy; and EDM, LBM, PAM and EBM are based on thermal energy. Since Electron Beam Machining (EBM) is one thermal energy based process, so here material is removed by melting

Difference Between EDM and EBM
NTM

NTM

Non-Traditional machining (NTM) processes directly utilize different forms of energy (mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal, etc.) to remove material from the workpiece following the subtractive manufacturing approach. Among thermal energy based NTM processes, EDM, EBM, LBM and PAM are common. In all these processes the workpiece material is locally heated to a very high temperature in order to melt and vaporize it. However, the source of heat is different for each

Difference between EBM and LBM
NTM

NTM

There exist four basic non-traditional machining processes (EDM, LBM, EBM, and PAM) where thermal energy is utilized to melt and vaporize a tiny volume of material from the workpiece. Although mechanism of material removal is same in all four processes, the source of heat is different. In Electron Beam Machining (EBM), a concentrated beam of electrons is used as heat source. Here ample electrons are first generated using an electron

Differences between Conventional EDM and Dry EDM
NTM

NTM

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one type of non-conventional machining process where workpiece material is removed by melting and vaporizing with the assistance of high intensity sparks generated between two electrodes. Here the conductive workpiece is made positive electrode, while a shaped tool is made negative electrode. These two electrodes are separated by a small distance (called inter-electrode gap, IEG), and this gap is immersed with appropriate dielectric fluid. In

Difference between arc welding electrode and EDM electrode
NTM

NTM

An electrode acts as one of the two terminals of an electric circuit to establish the electrical connection. It is always made of electrically conductive material so that it can easily emit or receive electrons or ions. Based on the polarity, an electrode can be either anode or cathode. A cathode is considered as negatively charged electrode as it liberates electrons, while an anode is considered as positively charged electrode

Differences between EDG and ECG
NTM

NTM

Electric Discharge Grinding (EDG) is one thermal energy based non-traditional machining process that has apparent similarity in construction with the conventional grinding process. In EDG, a disc type metallic wheel is rotated about a fixed axis maintaining a small gap with the workpiece. The conductive wheel is given negative polarity, while the conductive workpiece is given positive polarity. The gap between wheel and workpiece is immersed with a suitable dielectric

Differences between EDM and EDG
NTM

NTM

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one thermal energy based non-conventional machining process where material is removed by melting and vaporization with the assistance of high intensity spark. A form tool is made negative electrode, while the conductive workpiece is made positive electrode. The tool electrode is given appropriate shape in accordance with the feature to be produced. A small inter-electrode gap (IEG) is always maintained between two electrodes. This IEG

Difference Between Pressure Flushing and Vacuum Flushing in EDM
NTM

NTM

In die-sinking electro-discharge machining (EDM), the tool electrode and the workpiece (both made of electrically conductive material) are connected with two terminals of a DC power source. A small gap (in micron range) is maintained between these two electrodes. This gap is immersed with appropriate dielectric fluid that behaves as an insulator in initial state. When sufficient potential difference is applied across the two electrodes, the dielectric breaks down to

Difference Between Copper Electrode and Graphite Electrode for EDM
NTM

NTM

Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) employs the principle of thermal energy (melting and vaporization) to remove material from the workpiece. This thermal energy is produced by means of electric sparks. In die sinking EDM, the electrode and workpiece are connected with two terminals of a power source and a small gap is maintained between them. Suitable dielectric fluid (like kerosene) is applied in this inter-electrode gap (IEG), which in normal state behaves

Difference Between Die Sinking EDM and Wire-EDM
NTM

NTM

Non-Traditional Machining (NTM) processes had evolved to eliminate the restrictions imposed by conventional metal cutting processes. For the sake of material removal, NTM processes directly utilize various forms of energy (like mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical, electro-chemical, ionic, light, etc.). One such thermal energy based NTM process is Electric Discharge Machining (EDM). EDM utilizes an electrically conductive tool electrode that has a specific shape. This electrode is then brought closer to

Difference Between Traditional Grinding and Electro-Discharge Grinding
NTM

NTM

Conventional machining processes (such as turning, milling, facing, drilling, etc.) cannot provide high surface finish and better dimensional accuracy. To improve the surface integrity of machined features, sometimes abrasive finishing is carried out. There exist several abrasive finishing processes like grinding, honing, abrasive flow finishing, magneto-abrasive finishing, etc. All these processes utilize grain abrasives either in the form of a bonded device or in the form of loose abrasive slurry.

Difference Between EDM and ECM - Electro-Discharge & Electro-Chemical Machining
NTM

NTM

Unlike conventional metal cutting processes, non-traditional machining (NTM) processes can directly employ different forms of energy for controlled removal of material from the workpiece to impart desired shape, size and finish. Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) is one thermal energy based process where material is removed by localized melting and vaporization. Intense heat is generated by means of electric sparks. Here the tool made of conductive material is made one electrode (cathode),